“In addition to the United States, these include the People`s Republic of China and Taiwan, the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People`s Republic of Korea, and the Philippines,” Bittles said. “Even in the People`s Republic of China, the ban on marriage of first cousins is not enforced in officially recognized ethnic minorities where consanguinity marriage is traditional.” Some cultures, on the other hand, may encourage marriage between cousins for a variety of reasons. For example, many cultures encourage the marriage of a first cousin to strengthen family ties. Although this rule may seem simple, in some situations it becomes a confusing, even obscure determination, especially in joint interfamilial marriages such as marriage to first-degree cousins. Under 9 FAM 102.8-1 (B), the rule states: Even without preferential inbreeding, alleles that are rare in large populations may randomly increase at a high frequency in small groups within a few generations due to the founder effect and accelerated genetic drift in a breeding basin of limited size. [212] For example, since the entire Amish population is descended from only a few hundred German-Swiss settlers of the 18th century, the average coefficient of inbreeding between two random Amish Amish is higher than between two non-Amish second cousins. [213] The marriage of a first cousin is taboo among the Amish, but they still suffer from several rare genetic diseases. In Geauga County, Ohio, Amish make up only about 10 percent of the population, but account for half of all special needs cases. In the case of debilitating seizure disorder, the global total of 12 cases is limited to Amish patients. [214] Similar disruptions have been noted in The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which allows marriage of first-degree cousins, 75 to 80 percent of whom are related to two founders of the 1830s. [215] [216] Many of Muhammad`s immediate successors also married a cousin. Umar married his cousin Atikah bint Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nifayl,[192][193] while Ali married Fatima,[194] the daughter of his paternal cousin Muhammad and thus his first cousin. [195] Data on marriages between cousins in the United States are scarce.
It was estimated in 1960 that 0.2% of all marriages between Catholics took place between first cousins or second cousins, but no recent national studies have been conducted. [166] It is not known what proportion of this number were first cousins, which is the group facing marriage bans. Robin Bennett, a researcher at the University of Washington,[164] said that great hostility toward married cousins constitutes discrimination. While marriages of first-degree cousins were once favored by the upper class in the United States, such alliances declined sharply from the mid to late 19th century, perhaps because advances in transportation and communications offered the bride and groom better access to more marriage prospects. In the world, only a handful of countries prohibit the marriage of first cousins. Confucius described marriage as “the union of two surnames, in friendship and in love.” [21] In ancient China, some evidence suggests that, in some cases, two clans had a long-standing agreement that they would only marry members of the other clan. Some men also practiced a soorat marriage, that is, a marriage with the sister of a former woman or a polygynous marriage with both sisters. This would eliminate marriage with cousins as an option, but marriage between cousins would still be acceptable. [22] In the ancient erya system of the third century BC. The words for the two types of cross-cousins were identical, with the father`s brother`s children and the mother`s sister`s children both different. [23] Although it may not have been permitted at the time, marriage to the children of the mother`s sister in the third century CE was also prohibited. possible.
[24] Finally, the children and crossed cousins of the mother`s sister shared a number of conditions, with only the children of the father`s brother retaining a separate sentence. [25] This usage has remained to this day, with Biao (表) cousins as “outside” cousins and paternal Tang (堂) cousins from the same house. [26] At certain periods in Chinese history, all marriage between cousins was prohibited by law, as evidenced by the legal texts of the Ming Dynasty. However, enforcement proved difficult, and by the following Qing Dynasty, previous laws had been restored. [27] In Wisconsin, first cousins and first degree cousins who have been removed can only marry if a woman in the relationship is at least 55 years of age or permanently infertile. They cannot otherwise live together or have sex. Half-cousins by adoption are allowed to marry in the state. For many families, marriage offers the opportunity to classify immigrants as spouses. To qualify for classification, the marriage must be a legal marriage under U.S. immigration laws. In most cases, the law of the place of celebration is governed by the Foreign Affairs Manual (MAF).
That is, if the marriage was legally valid in the foreign jurisdiction in which it was contracted, the marriage is considered valid for visa decisions in the United States. State criminal laws against incest can also effectively prohibit marriages between cousins. For this reason, it may be a good idea to seek advice from a local family law lawyer about whether it is legal to marry your cousin where you live. According to another view, William Saletan of Slate magazine accuses the authors of this study of suffering from the “innate liberal vanity that science solves all moral questions.” Saletan readily acknowledges that the ban on marriage between cousins cannot be justified on genetic grounds, but rhetorically asks whether it would be acceptable to legalize uncle-niece marriage or “pure incest” between siblings, and then let genetic testing deal with the resulting problems. [9] An article by Sarah Kershaw in the New York Times documents the fear that many married cousins are treated with derision and contempt. “While many people have a story about a secret cousin who had a crush or kissed, most Americans find the idea of cousins getting married and having children disturbing or even disgusting,” the article states. There is the example of a mother, Mrs. Spring, whose daughter Kimberly Spring-Winters, 29, married her cousin Shane Winters, 37. She explained that when she told people about her daughter`s wedding, they were shocked and she was afraid to mention it. They live in a small town in Pennsylvania and she fears her grandchildren will be treated as outcasts and ridiculed because of their parental status.